Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) is a form of brain stimulation that uses low levels of alternating current delivered via electrodes placed on the earlobes, occipital area, mastoid processes, or temples.
An editorial expresses disappointment at these findings as there is a need for more nondrug approaches for these conditions. It suggests that as the mechanism of action of CES is unknown, the effects may be achievable with self-care approaches that are less expensive and less passive, though there is a need to know more on how that works, not only compared with sham CES but also with other approaches, both drug- and nondrug-based.