Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies

Analysis of data from US NHANES, 1988-94 and 1999-2014 (n=44,462) and UK Biobank (n=399,537) found that those of low socioeconomic status had higher (2.09-fold to 3.53-fold) risks of mortality and CVD; and overall lifestyle only explained 3.0% to 12.3% of the excess risks.

British Medical Journal