Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada and the risk of hospitalisation and death: a case cross-over study

Study (n=1 056 773; 17% opioid users) found concurrent use benzodiazepines/Z-drugs and opioids associated with higher risk of hospitalisation/ED visit (OR 1.13, p<0.001) and all cause death (1.90; p<0.001) vs opioid use alone . Risk highest in >65yrs and >365 days of opioid use.

BMJ Open