An editorial notes that although the ability to translate genetic profiling into tailored preventive care plans for individuals is still years away, this case-control study is scientifically noteworthy because it advances understanding of how to conduct research designed to detect gene-environment interactions; it illustrates that interventions can be genetically targeted not just to direct treatment but also to direct preventive interventions; it provides insight into the mechanistic understanding of how aspirin alters colon cancer risk, and lastly it highlights the need to conduct implementation research to ensure clinicians are prepared to apply gene-environment research in daily practice.