A related commentary discusses this research. A big limitation of the study is that it only assessed the diet of the participants at baseline. Because the dietary intake of individuals might change over time, and together with the recent economic growth in some of the included countries (eg, India and China), it seems inappropriate to assume the baseline dairy intake could truly reflect the dairy consumption of the participants over the course of follow-up. The results from the study seem to suggest that dairy intake, especially whole-fat dairy, might be beneficial for preventing deaths and major cardiovascular diseases. However, as the authors themselves concluded, the results only suggest the “consumption of dairy products should not be discouraged and perhaps even be encouraged in low-income and middle-income countries”. It is not the ultimate seal of approval for recommending whole-fat dairy over its low-fat or skimmed counterparts. Readers should be cautious and should treat this study only as yet another piece of evidence (albeit a large one) in the literature.