Following media reports of this study, NHS Choices has provided a brief summary of the evidence for the general public: The study gives encouragement that the popularity of smoking among teenagers has clearly declined and is viewed as less acceptable. The use of e-cigarettes is known to have increased nationally among the general population in recent years, so this study may provide support for the view that increased vaping has not "re-normalised" smoking among young people. But caution is required before attributing smoking patterns and attitudes within this study directly to vaping as it did not assess teens' views on vaping, or whether they have tried or regularly used e-cigarettes.