A commentary notes that over 85% of cases are classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with predicted 5-year survival of 16%, and technological advances in the past decade, including the introduction of next-generation sequencing, have allowed for identification of several genetic mutations. These mutations are considered to be actionable oncogenic drivers (i.e. treatable with specific drugs) since they cause specific subclasses of NSCLC, and therefore can be targeted with selective inhibitors. The commentators suggest that in view of these advances, chemotherapy can no longer be regarded as the standard treatment for all patients, but rather the default treatment for those without oncogenic driver mutations.