According to an editorial, the interpretation of these findings requires caution, in view of the high attrition of the original cohort over time and the emergence of these findings in the context of many analyses, with the attendant risk of increased type I error. In addition, the trial evaluated only a three-dose regimen, which has not been recommended by the WHO, and the field site for the trial had substantially lower rates of malaria transmission than many of the sites in the phase 3 trial. It notes that three other sites participating in the phase 3 trial are extending surveillance beyond the fourth year and include cohorts receiving either a three-dose or four-dose regimen, and so will provide an important resource to test and better understand the findings of this trial. In the meantime, the commentators say “it would be unwise to postpone the planning of the WHO-recommended pilot implementation studies, which will be designed to yield data of importance to decisions regarding the deployment of this vaccine.”