In a related editorial, the authors discuss further questions that the results of this study raise, and conclude that additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to a determine if there are specific subpopulations within this group to whom the benefit is limited to avoid unnecessary antibiotic exposure and its associated risks among those unlikely to benefit. Furthermore, they note that despite the apparent effectiveness of the intervention, the rate of surgical site infection observed among women assigned to the postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis group of the study was higher than that typically observed among nonobese women.