According to commentary, the previous analysis of the GAS study using shorter-term secondary outcomes measured after 2 years of follow-up also showed equivalence between awake-regional and general anaesthesia. It notes that the current and final study results (measured at age 5 years) should strongly reassure health-care professionals that general anaesthesia lasting just less than 1 hour in young children does not adversely affect long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. It adds that the scientific rigour and conduct of the trial were exemplary, and intelligence testing at this older age has strong predictive potential for future achievement.