According to an editorial, androgen-deprivation therapy in combination with radiation therapy is worth serious consideration in high-risk patients with prostate-specific antigen recurrence, and in the era of precision medicine, the ultimate goal is to administer this therapy to patients who are likely to benefit. The RADICALS (Radiation Therapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Prostate Cancer) trial (ongoing in Europe and Canada) will help to address this issue. The editorial notes that “this remarkable contribution by the National Clinical Trials Network of the National Cancer Institute shows the importance of randomized clinical trials with very long follow-up. Studies that incorporate interventions without proprietary intellectual property (e.g., surgery or radiation therapy) or pharmaceutical agents whose patents often expire before the study is completed can be achieved only with the use of this invaluable national resource.”