First-Trimester Pregnancy Exposure to Modafinil and Risk of Congenital Malformations

Danish Health Registry analysis (49 pregnancies exposed to modafinil and 828,644 unexposed) found that modafinil was associated with significantly more congenital defects than no exposure (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.4), or methylphenidate exposure (3.0, 1.2-7.4)

Journal of the American Medical Association